Civillery : Engineering Drawing Standard Manual

Civillery Zone, In this week we share about Drawing Standard Manual, if you want to know more details click download, for download this file. This drawing standards manual establishes the conventions to be adhered to by engineering and drafting personnel in the preparation, revision, and completion of engineering drawings. This manual sets forth the minimum requirements acceptable at GSFC for the preparation of engineering drawings for flight hardware and ground support systems.

Standard Drawing Size

The requirements specified herein are essential to the standardization of practices and to a uniform interpretation of drawings. A system, payload, or component assembly shall be completely defined by means of drawings, including lists, schematics, wiring diagrams, and specifications, to ensure that components fabricated are in accordance with the design. The documentation information shall serve as a permanent record. Flight hardware shall be fabricated in accordance with the approved design documents. These documents shall reflect the characteristics and acceptance criteria for all materials, component/parts, subsystems, and the complete system. The acceptance criteria for parts and materials shall be specified by standard specifications when applicable. Engineering drawings are defined as those drawings that communicate the requirements for the manufacture of the end-product items, their assembly, and their installation in the end product.

Format Standard Drawing

Standard Drawing Line

General information for the selection or development of a drawing title is as follows:

1. The title should be as brief as possible but should contain sufficient information to categorize the part properly and to distinguish it from other similar parts.
2. The drawing title shall consist of the following :

• Identifying noun or noun phrase.
• The most significant modifier or modifying phrase.
• The next most significant modifier or modifying phrase.

The noun or noun phrase establishes a basic concept of an item. The modifiers serve to narrow the area of concept established by the basic name. A modifier is separated from the noun or noun phrase by a comma and from any preceding modifier by a comma. The type designator and/or any additional modifiers required to further identify an item are separated from the first part of the title by a dash. Where applicable, the word “ASSEMBLY” shall be used as the last word of the noun phrase.
EXAMPLES:
“Beam, Hoisting, Guided Missile”
“Cover, Protective, Rocket Motor—Forward Section”
“Cabinet, Electrical Equipment—CY-147”
“Transportation—Dolly Assembly, Earth Satellite” 

1. The noun, or noun phrase, is never abbreviated. Abbreviations are used in the modifiers only when space is limited. When used, abbreviations shall conform to Abbreviations, paragraph 2.2 on page 12.
2. When one drawing supersedes another, the new drawing, when practical, has the same title.
3. Parentheses are not used to enclose any portion of the drawing title.
4. Program names (or abbreviations) should be added to the “Used On” block and not the Title block; exceptions are on the final or top assembly drawing.

Civillery : PLAXIS

Civillery Zone, PLAXIS is based on the finite element method and intended for 2-Dimensional and 3-Dimensional geotechnical analysis of deformation and stability of soil structures, as well as groundwater and heat flow, in geo-engineering applications such as excavation, foundations, embankments and tunnels.

Here is an example of the structure of the soil with the program PLAXIS. 

Modeling

Soil Information

Water Position

Active Pore Pressure

Effective Stress

Result : Total Displacement

Result : Degree of Saturation

Result : Sliding Factor

 

Civillery : Settlement in Building

 Civillery Zone, Settlement in a structure refers to the distortion or disruption of parts of a building due to either; unequal compression of its foundations, shrinkage such as that which occurs in timber framed buildings as the frame adjusts its moisture content, or by undue loads being applied to the building after its initial construction. Settlement should not be confused with subsidence which results from the load-bearing ground upon which a building sits reducing in level, for instance in areas of mine workings where shafts collapse underground.(Source : Wikipedia)

Pisa

Causes of land subsidence include :

• The formation of cavities under the ground especially the calcareous
• Sedimentation basin area
• Geological cycle
• There is volcanic activity
• Taking liquids in the soil, such as ground water and oil
• A heavy load on the structure so that a layer of soil to consolidate, or often called the settlement
• Intake of solid objects in the soil, such as mining
• Fractures of the earth's crust
• Sludge extraction
• Oil and gas extraction

Some settlement is quite normal after construction has been completed, but unequal settlement may cause significant problems for buildings. Traditional green oak framed buildings are designed to settle with time as the oak seasons and warps, lime mortar rather than Portland Cement is used for its elastic properties and glazing will often employ small leaded lights which can accept movement more readily than larger panes.