Civillery : Engineering Drawing Standard Manual

Civillery Zone, In this week we share about Drawing Standard Manual, if you want to know more details click download, for download this file. This drawing standards manual establishes the conventions to be adhered to by engineering and drafting personnel in the preparation, revision, and completion of engineering drawings. This manual sets forth the minimum requirements acceptable at GSFC for the preparation of engineering drawings for flight hardware and ground support systems.

Standard Drawing Size

The requirements specified herein are essential to the standardization of practices and to a uniform interpretation of drawings. A system, payload, or component assembly shall be completely defined by means of drawings, including lists, schematics, wiring diagrams, and specifications, to ensure that components fabricated are in accordance with the design. The documentation information shall serve as a permanent record. Flight hardware shall be fabricated in accordance with the approved design documents. These documents shall reflect the characteristics and acceptance criteria for all materials, component/parts, subsystems, and the complete system. The acceptance criteria for parts and materials shall be specified by standard specifications when applicable. Engineering drawings are defined as those drawings that communicate the requirements for the manufacture of the end-product items, their assembly, and their installation in the end product.

Format Standard Drawing

Standard Drawing Line

General information for the selection or development of a drawing title is as follows:

1. The title should be as brief as possible but should contain sufficient information to categorize the part properly and to distinguish it from other similar parts.
2. The drawing title shall consist of the following :

• Identifying noun or noun phrase.
• The most significant modifier or modifying phrase.
• The next most significant modifier or modifying phrase.

The noun or noun phrase establishes a basic concept of an item. The modifiers serve to narrow the area of concept established by the basic name. A modifier is separated from the noun or noun phrase by a comma and from any preceding modifier by a comma. The type designator and/or any additional modifiers required to further identify an item are separated from the first part of the title by a dash. Where applicable, the word “ASSEMBLY” shall be used as the last word of the noun phrase.
EXAMPLES:
“Beam, Hoisting, Guided Missile”
“Cover, Protective, Rocket Motor—Forward Section”
“Cabinet, Electrical Equipment—CY-147”
“Transportation—Dolly Assembly, Earth Satellite” 

1. The noun, or noun phrase, is never abbreviated. Abbreviations are used in the modifiers only when space is limited. When used, abbreviations shall conform to Abbreviations, paragraph 2.2 on page 12.
2. When one drawing supersedes another, the new drawing, when practical, has the same title.
3. Parentheses are not used to enclose any portion of the drawing title.
4. Program names (or abbreviations) should be added to the “Used On” block and not the Title block; exceptions are on the final or top assembly drawing.

Civillery : PLAXIS

Civillery Zone, PLAXIS is based on the finite element method and intended for 2-Dimensional and 3-Dimensional geotechnical analysis of deformation and stability of soil structures, as well as groundwater and heat flow, in geo-engineering applications such as excavation, foundations, embankments and tunnels.

Here is an example of the structure of the soil with the program PLAXIS. 

Modeling

Soil Information

Water Position

Active Pore Pressure

Effective Stress

Result : Total Displacement

Result : Degree of Saturation

Result : Sliding Factor

 

Civillery : Settlement in Building

 Civillery Zone, Settlement in a structure refers to the distortion or disruption of parts of a building due to either; unequal compression of its foundations, shrinkage such as that which occurs in timber framed buildings as the frame adjusts its moisture content, or by undue loads being applied to the building after its initial construction. Settlement should not be confused with subsidence which results from the load-bearing ground upon which a building sits reducing in level, for instance in areas of mine workings where shafts collapse underground.(Source : Wikipedia)

Pisa

Causes of land subsidence include :

• The formation of cavities under the ground especially the calcareous
• Sedimentation basin area
• Geological cycle
• There is volcanic activity
• Taking liquids in the soil, such as ground water and oil
• A heavy load on the structure so that a layer of soil to consolidate, or often called the settlement
• Intake of solid objects in the soil, such as mining
• Fractures of the earth's crust
• Sludge extraction
• Oil and gas extraction

Some settlement is quite normal after construction has been completed, but unequal settlement may cause significant problems for buildings. Traditional green oak framed buildings are designed to settle with time as the oak seasons and warps, lime mortar rather than Portland Cement is used for its elastic properties and glazing will often employ small leaded lights which can accept movement more readily than larger panes.

Civillery : Plastic Formwork

Civillery Zone, with respect to global warming shoul be sought replacement wooden formwork. In the world of construction Indonesia, wooden formwork is still commonly used. As an alternative to using steel or iron material but its little used, because the material has high specific gravity so its difficult to apply. Concrete construction work has been spending a lot of wood (as a formwork), which after using the object can not be recycled, it will add new problems, namely trash. The last few years there has been formwork products that use plastic base material is mixed with glass fiber. This product has the same ability, even better than wood formwork.  



The company has been producing this product are :

1. Hangzhou Youngshun Plastic Industry
2. EPIC ECO
3. Moladi

Here are the advantages of plastic material than wood or iron, in addition to the interests of environmental protection:

1. Free moisture
2. No need to oil formwork
3. Faster implementation time
4. not rusty
5. Not easily damaged by water (underground formwork or aqueous environments)
6. Quality is better
7. cost efficiency
8. Durable (40-70 times of use, there are up to 1000 times)
9. refractory
10. Lightweight, strong, rigid, high bending modulus
11. Good surface resistance, impact resistance and abrasion
12. Can be drilled, nailed, diketam, or sawed
13. High stability against ultraviolet rays, not brittle and easy to clean
14. Do not bother saving it, because weather resistant
15. The remaining waste can be recycled, environmentally friendly

So many advantages of plastic formwork, but why are we still comfortable using wooden formwork that struck me was not his time anymore. Let's start trying for the future of a better environment

Civillery : Asbestos Dust Alert

Civillery Zone, we often see, the use of asbestos as roofing material (including my house). Apparently based on research, asbestos is hazardous to health because of the dust inhaled elements that will go into the lungs and can not dissolve and can kill cells in the lungs so that the risk of cancer. Because of this danger in some American and European countries, the use of asbestos has been banned from. 

What is asbestos?
Asbestos is a combination of six natural silicate mineral. Asbestos is commonly used as roof covering because it has advantages such as:

• Cheap
• Light weight
• Heat-resistant, soundproof & waterproof
• Easily obtained

Because of its "Wow" in the face of a variety of conditions, asbestos can be used also for heat insulation. There are two types of asbestos are asbestos waves (commonly used as a roof) and flat asbestos (commonly used as a ceiling).

Asbestos Causes

Asbestos dangers
Asbestos is composed of naturally occurring mineral fibers. But in reality, some types of fiber contained in the asbestos could harm humans. Asbestos fibers consist of a very thin, even thinner than a human hair. These fibers when inhaled lungs will not be released by the body. These fibers will settle quietly in the lungs, and gradually will bring a variety of diseases to humans.
Various diseases can arise because of the fiber in the lungs, such as asbestosis disease, Mesothelioma, to cancer.
Because of this danger, some states set specific regulations on the use of asbestos as a building material. In fact, the European Union banned the use of all types of asbestos, including the extraction, manufacture, until processing of asbestos products. Developed countries make laws about the use of asbestos, such as Australia, Brazil, Canada and many other countries. A complete list of state agencies that regulate the use of asbestos can be found at Wikipedia.

The fact
Warnings about the dangers of asbestos and regulations generally known by engineers, contractors, architects, and all who have been involved in construction projects. Unfortunately, a lot of ordinary people who do not know very well (some even did not know) the dangers of using asbestos. In the store building materials, asbestos is still sold freely. In other words, it is not difficult if we want to purchase and use of asbestos as a building material.

Are all dangerous asbestos?
In fact, asbestos bodily harm, if any damaged parts. Defective part will cause fibers that make up asbestos released into the air. Thin fibers floating in the air and inhaled that is harmful to humans.
In fact, we never cared if any part is damaged asbestos. Cutting asbestos asbestos while installing any damage, it means cutting asbestos causes asbestos fibers apart.

It pairs of asbestos, a Solution!!!
If you've already installed asbestos, here are the steps to minimize the dangers of asbestos dust:

• Change, if it looks damaged. Replace 5 years, although there are damaged.
• Use ceiling, to prevent the collapse of dust and asbestos fibers.
• Make good ventilation, so that asbestos dust out of the house.

For those who have not put up asbestos, use alternatives such as clay tile, fiberglass, kalsiboard (cellulose fibers, silica, additives, cement, and water), zinc plasterboard (synthetic fibers, cellulose fibers, additive substances, cement, and water), and ardex (synthetic fibers, cellulose fibers, additive substances, cement, and water).

If you want to build a house, prioritizing health, comfort and safety for the occupants of the building. Use of environmentally friendly materials that are not harmful to health, especially penutu roofing materials and paint. Price of health far above the price of building materials.

Civillery : Tips on Choosing Ceramic

Civillery Zone, How are you the loyal readers of Civillery, this week we will share tips on choosing the right tile. As per the demand trends, the aesthetic value flooring gives a wonderful impression. The demand was met if we choose tiles with less precise, because everyone crave beautiful floor. In the market has a lot to offer various kinds of patterns, colors, sizes, and brands of ceramic products. 
Therefore, we must be careful in choosing a ceramic, which will result in cost overruns because of the ceramic must be regenerated. For example, the bathroom floor tiles, should we attach to the ceramic surface is rough, instead we put the tiles with a smooth surface, which causes the user's bathroom, be damned.

Ceramic Type

Classification of Products
Knowledge of the classification of the product is very important to understand. This is because the results of the installation must meet the goal or desired installation criteria. Several issues related to the classification of the product is physical appearance, character, quality, and price.

Physical appearance
Physical appearance is the beginning of a view that can be ascertained style and color that will be used. From the physical appearance, there are three classifications of ceramic tiles, decorative ceramic tiles, embossed ceramic tiles and plain ceramic tiles.

• Decorative ceramic tiles the most popular today. Decorative ceramic tiles appeared on the market with a variety of motifs such as marble, wood, granite, and natural stone.
• Embossed ceramic tile has an uneven surface generally installed outside or in the bathroom.
• While ceramic tile plain or no style has a glossy surface sheen or without (doof).

Differences plain and embossed with more emphasis on the position, which is plain (plain) and embossed (uneven surface). The third difference was more emphasis on the position or location of the tile will be placed.

In general, ceramic tiles in the market is to the surface of the doof (not shiny or slippery) and shiny or slippery. For the generally smooth textured ceramics.

• While the size of the tile is often found on the market are 5-10 mm thickness and size of the sides of 60 cm x 60 cm, 45 cm x 45 cm, 30 cm x 30 cm, and 20 cm x 20 cm (to the floor).
• As for the size of the wall in general use 30 cm x 30 cm, 30 cm x 20 cm, LL 20 cm x 20 cm, and 20 cm x 10 cm.

Character
At the time of going to choose the tiles to match the room that will be overlaid the accuracy in selecting the type of product will affect the appearance. There are three main factors that will shape the character of the ceramic tiles, the colors, patterns, and sizes. Bright colors, motif plain, and the large size will produce a broad view. While dark colors, motifs plain and patterned will produce an exclusive display. Ceramics with a rough surface and slippery making it more resistant to friction so it is very suitable placed in outer space or in a public place.

Quality

Product quality is highly dependent on the purity of the material is so associated with the quality standards of materials, density, and combustion products. In addition to these three factors, the other thing to note is that the surface is resistant to scratches and cracks, either the base or the top surface tiles. For example, plain tiles and doof are installed bathrooms will remain intact even when the brush is always exposed to the bathroom cleaned. In addition, the provision of glaze on the surface greatly affect the look, especially the physical appearance, and strengthen resistance to the charge on it and the water, unless the charge on it is very heavy or exceed the load.

Prize

Consumers are expected to be keen to choose the tiles. This is because in the market, the variety of products and prices vary. Some of the factors that affect the price of the color, size, patterns, and textures. All four of these factors can be used as a reference customer in choosing ceramics. Higher prices refer to darker colors, larger sizes, as well as more varied texture and pattern. Often found KW1 term, KW2 and KW3 in ceramics. The term KW1 is the best quality of the ceramic, while the ceramic KW2 and KW3 is contained defects like most uneven surfaces, uneven color, or other defects. This difference affects price.

Choosing Ceramic

• Adjust the ceramic
• Adjust the size of the space character
• Do not choose the wrong motives
• Choose the right color