Civillery : Overcoming Water Closet (WC) is Clogged

Civillery Zone, Arbitrary treatment of the WC, exhaust pipes and septic tanks will shorten the life of WC and its components. The signs usually are clogged toilet, where dirt is watered, some time later emerge. Not to mention the smell of the bathroom, whereas had been given fragrances. First of all you have to do is:

Find a source of the problem
       Factors affecting the technical and non-technical factors. Usually the initial cause clogged toilet is a factor alias nontechnical factors misuse or use. Technical factors themselves usually stem from two things sewers and septic tanks. To that end, the first step you should do is find the source of the problem in both of these components.

Septictank

Check the condition of the septic tank
       Location of septic tanks is usually on the side or back of the house. Prepare flashlights and open the door septic tanks that are on the top. Septic tank that has not been controlled usually difficult to open the door. tap gently with a hammer or a rocking little by little in order to move. If no grass or weeds growing in between the side of the septic tank, try to unplug. Scrape the edges with a knife was also interrupted to remove the remaining land for the door to open septic tank easier.
       When the door is open, look at the condition of the septic tank with a flashlight. If the contents of a septic tank filled beyond the level of the sinkhole, it might cause. You can call a stool to suck. Or if you want to play sports, scrape it, use the septic tank sludge as fertilizer.
       Use a small bucket or pail fit when inserted through the septic tank. Tie the little bucket with a rope. Septic tank sludge can you move the bucket after bucket to each plant flowers in your yard. Sweaty bodies, fertile flowers in the yard and septic tank was drained.

Clean Disposal Pipeline
       If the condition of the septic tank is not full and the water level in the septic tank sludge far below the mouth of the discharge pipe, it means there is no problem with the septic tank. Alleged biggest problem is with the exhaust pipes. WC drain pipe which "boils down" to a septic tank hole may be clogged. Obvious cause is the misuse alias nontechnical factors as mentioned above. This could be negligence residents who often throw garbage into the toilet. Waste that can not be recycled such as sanitary napkins, tissue, soap wrappers, plastic bags crackle and such with it very easily caught in the drain pipe. Moreover, when the distance towards the septic tank discharge pipe is very remote and winding. Possible waste so caught bigger.
       To overcome this, there are simple tips you can do, especially if the door septic tank is large enough and the distance between the pipeline septic tank to the toilet is not too far and straight. Prepare clothesline wire or aluminum wire can be purchased at the hardware store. Estimate the length of the wire is at least equal to the length of the discharge pipe line. Tie the end of the wire with a piece of cloth that is wrapped around by a clenched fist or smaller than the diameter of the pipe. Berlahan insert the wire through the hole in the pipe that had been in the septic tank. Insert the wire back and forth until the last deep into. This method effectively making the waste involved regardless, while cleaning the pipe surface from grease and dirt.
      If completed, the last step is the exhaust pipe is flushed with hot water. Boil hot water about one bucket or roughly enough. Stoppers tip exhaust pipe hole in the septic tank with a cloth first. Then enter the scalding hot water was all over the toilet bowl. Allow some time. Hot water that meets the channel of the drain pipe will be poured various dirt and grease stick.

Treatment 
      After all the above tips worked and the problem was completed, the next step is a very important treatment. The meaning of care here is to avoid things that can trigger congestion and congestion to recur. For that, you have to know what is "unclean" so that all the above possibilities do not occur.

      First, in the rinse after defecation or "istinjak" aka wiping, use water as necessary. The volume of water that enters the septic tank should be balanced, not overdone nor less. Conversely, if the volume of water in the septic tank is less, it will slow down the decomposition process. When the decomposition process is slow especially disturbed, then the substance of methane (CH4), which is on dirt will proceed to carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3), thus removing excessive odor. This is one of the causes of the excessive odor septic tanks. Usually this occurs in the dry season when the volume of water in the septic tank less or even completely dry.

      Second, do not throw solid objects that can not be decomposed into the toilet as the former sanitary napkins, plastic bag, pack shampoo or soap, and so forth. Salalu provide special bins in the bathrooms to dispose of such waste. Waste plastic bag that is not up flowing into the septic tank because it was entangled in the drain pipe connections will impede the flow of filth septic tank sludge. As a result, dirt and other trash are dumped into pit latrines will accumulate there. WC was so clogged and dirt on the toilet can not be flushed. Hopefully the above tips and learn how to care for the following WC components, there is no term "clogged toilet" in your home.

Civillery : Polygon Measurement Practice with Theodolite

Civillery Zone, At work mapping the area needed a framework that is used as tie points and control points. The point of these points have height and coordinates posted on a certain density, using permanent structures, ang durable material, recorded and easily recognizable.
The function of the point as well as the basic framework of the control points are used as a check point on the calculation of the calculations performed earlier. Should these control points using other frameworks point (not from the point of tissue) so they can know the coordinates is true or not.
In a relatively small area (20km x 20km) typically use measurements by polygons. Here is a collection of polygons the points that are connected in an imaginary line. Work measurement include:

1. Coordinates of the starting point / end
2. Azimuth start / end
3. distance
4. angle in

The polygon shapes include:

1. polygon is open
2. polygon closed
3. polygon branched
4. polygon combination

Theodolite is a measure of the geometry of land can produce as well as distance and elevation angle optical (from reading the data processed yarn over, yarn and thread down the middle). Here is how the measurement of polygons using theodolite measuring instruments:

1. Do a peg at the point which allows for fine measurements. In searching for information on the location of the peg Benchmark (BM) around the site. After fixing, measuring the distance between the measuring tape markers on the polygon.
2. Start doing the shot, put a theodolite at BM point, setting it theodolite measuring instruments. If the topography is relatively flat try vertical angle is 90 degrees and lock it. The aim is to facilitate the measurement, recording and analysis of data.
3. Determine the azimuth direction, for example by the north compass, directions, and more. In setting azimuth angle horizontal position at 0 degrees 00 minutes 00 seconds.
4. After that, point the theodolite to the nearest polygon in stakes and easily target which, tubs measuring placed.
5. Furthermore, setting the horizontal angle, a key tool, and record.
6. At any point did recording measurements above thread, yarn and thread down the middle.
7. Perform benchmarking throughout the polygon.

Civillery : Tutorial SAP 2000 (Indonesian Version)

Civillery Zone, On this occasion we will share about the tutorial SAP 2000, SAP 2000 is an application software used for analyzing the structure of a building (buildings and bridges).  

This is a software application, so if there is an error output that depends on the user, and the user should be someone who understands the structure. And the most important thing here is to try ... try ... and try again.

For those who want to download please click the link below.  




Here is a list of contents:

• Tutorial 1: Reinforced Concrete Beams
• Tutorial 2: Portal Framework 5m
• Tutorial 3: Editing Portal Framework
• Tutorial 4: 3D Portal
• Tutorial 5: Simple Bridge Structure
• Tutorial 6: Beams Pre-Stressed
• Tutorial 7: Interaction Frame and Wall Slide
• Tutorial 8: Concrete Walls
• Tutorial 9: Moving Load
• Tutorial 10: Three frames Portal
• Tutorial 11: Analysis of Response Spectrum
• Tutorial 12: Nonlinear Time History

Tutorial SAP 2000 part1 
Tutorial SAP 2000 part2 
Tutorial SAP 2000 part3 
Tutorial SAP 2000 part4 
Tutorial SAP 2000 part5 
Tutorial SAP 2000 part6 

Civillery : LRFD Bridge Design

Civillery Zone, On this day we will share about the design of bridge. Especially designed the bridge according to the AASHTO-LRFD specifications. Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) according to code 2005 is the nominal strength is Multiplied by a resistance factor, and the resulting design strength is then required to equal or exceed the required strength determined by structural analysis for the appropriate LRFD load combination specified by the applicable building code. LRFD is commonly used to design structures with steel elements. in the design of steel structures there are two philosophies that are often used is based planning working voltage / Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and limit states design / Load Resistance Factor Design (LRFD). ASD method has been used in a period of approximately 100 years in the design of steel structures. And the last 20 years of design principles steel structure began to turn to the concept of LRFD much more rational based on the concept of probability.
 
For those who wish to have the file please download at the link below. Its contents are as follows :

1.  Background and Theoritical Basis of LRFD
2. Chapter 1 Introduction 
3. Chapter 2 General Design Location Features
• Scope
• Definitions
• Location Features 
• Foundation Investigation 
• Design Objectives
• Hydrology ang Hydraulic
4. Chapter 3 Load and Load Factors
• Load Factors and Load Combinations
• Load Factors for Construction Loads
• Load Factors for Jacking and Post-Tensioning Forces
• Common Load Combinations 
• Dead Loads
• Live Loads (vehicle loads, braking loads, pedestrian loads and centrifugal Loads)
• Fatigue and Fracture Considerations 
• Wind Loads 
• Eatrhquake Effects
• Effects Due to Superimposed Deformations 
5. Chapter 4 Structural Analysis and Evaluation
• Acceptable Methods of Structural Analysis
• Approximate Methods of Analysis
6. Load Case Study (problems and solutions of bridge design) 

Download AASHTO-LRFD Bridge Design